"result = expression"
The statement structure is similar to r.mapcalc, see r.mapcalc.
Where result represents the name of a space time raster dataset (STRDS)that will
contain the result of the calculation that is given as expression
on the right side of the equality sign.
These expression can be any valid or nested combination of temporal
operations and spatial overlay or buffer functions that are provided by the temporal algebra.
The temporal raster algebra works with space time raster datasets only (STRDS).
The algebra provides methods for map selection from STRDS based on their temporal relations.
It is also possible to temporally shift maps, to create temporal buffer and to snap time
instances to create a valid temporal topology. Furthermore expressions can be nested and
evaluated in conditional statements (if, else statements). Within if-statements the algebra
provides temporal variables like start time, end time, day of year, time differences or
number of maps per time interval to build up conditions.
In addition the algebra provides
a subset of the spatial operations from r.mapcalc.
All these operations can be assigned to STRDS or to the resulting map lists of operations between STRDS.
As default, topological relationships between space time datasets will be evaluated only temporal. Use the s flag to activate the additionally evaluate the spatial topology based on the spatial extents of maps.
The expression option must be passed as quoted
expression, for example:
t.rast.mapcalc2 expression="C = A + B" basename=result
The map basename for the result STRDS must always be specified.
equals A ------ B ------ during A ---- B ------ contains A ------ B ---- starts A ---- B ------ started A ------ B ---- finishs A ---- B ------ finished A ------ B ---- precedes A ---- B ---- follows A ---- B ---- overlapped A ------ B ------ overlaps A ------ B ------ over booth overlaps and overlapped
Topological relations must be specified in {} parentheses.
LEFT REFERENCE l Use the time stamp of the left space time dataset INTERSECTION i Intersection DISJOINT UNION d Disjoint union UNION u Union RIGHT REFERENCE r Use the time stamp of the right space time dataset
C = A : B
In addition the inverse selection operator !: is defined as the complement of the selection operator, hence the following expression
C = A !: B
To select parts of a STDS by different topological relations to other STDS, the temporal topology selection operator can be used. The operator consists of the temporal selection operator, the topological relations, that must be separated by the logical OR operator | and the temporal extent operator. All three parts are separated by comma and surrounded by curly braces: {"temporal selection operator", "topological relations", "temporal operator"}
Examples:
C = A {:, equals} B C = A {!:, equals} B
C = A {:,equals|during|overlaps} B
C = A {:, during,r} B
C = A : B C = A {:} B C = A {:,equal} B C = A {:,equal,l} B
C = A !: B C = A {!:} B C = A {!:,equal} B C = A {!:,equal,l} B
Note A and B can either be space time datasets or expressions. The temporal relationship between the conditions and the conclusions can be defined at the beginning of the if statement. The relationship between then and else conclusion must be always equal. if statement decision option temporal relations if(if, then, else) if(conditions, A) A if conditions are True; temporal topological relation between if and then is equal. if(conditions, A, B) A if conditions are True, B otherwise; temporal topological relation between if, then and else is equal. if(topologies, conditions, A) A if conditions are True; temporal topological relation between if and then is explicit specified by topologies. if(topologies, conditions, A, B) A if conditions are True, B otherwise; temporal topological relation between if, then and else is explicit specified by topologies.
Symbol description == equal != not equal > greater than >= greater than or equal < less than <= less than or equal && and || or
td(A) Returns a list of time intervals of STDS A start_time(A) Start time as HH::MM:SS start_date(A) Start date as yyyy-mm-DD start_datetime(A) Start datetime as yyyy-mm-DD HH:MM:SS end_time(A) End time as HH:MM:SS end_date(A) End date as yyyy-mm-DD end_datetime(A) End datetime as yyyy-mm-DD HH:MM start_doy(A) Day of year (doy) from the start time [1 - 366] start_dow(A) Day of week (dow) from the start time [1 - 7], the start of the week is Monday == 1 start_year(A) The year of the start time [0 - 9999] start_month(A) The month of the start time [1 - 12] start_week(A) Week of year of the start time [1 - 54] start_day(A) Day of month from the start time [1 - 31] start_hour(A) The hour of the start time [0 - 23] start_minute(A) The minute of the start time [0 - 59] start_second(A) The second of the start time [0 - 59] end_doy(A) Day of year (doy) from the end time [1 - 366] end_dow(A) Day of week (dow) from the end time [1 - 7], the start of the week is Monday == 1 end_year(A) The year of the end time [0 - 9999] end_month(A) The month of the end time [1 - 12] end_week(A) Week of year of the end time [1 - 54] end_day(A) Day of month from the start time [1 - 31] end_hour(A) The hour of the end time [0 - 23] end_minute(A) The minute of the end time [0 - 59] end_second(A) The second of the end time [0 - 59]
|| -> | and && -> &
Condition 1 {||, equal, r} Condition 2 Condition 1 {&&, equal|during, l} Condition 2 Condition 1 {&&, equal|contains, |, l} Condition 2 Condition 1 {&&, equal|during, l} Condition 2 && Condition 3 Condition 1 {&&, equal|during, l} Condition 2 {&&,contains, |, r} Condition 3
A{#, contains}B
C = if({equal}, A {#, contains} B > 2, A {:, contains} B)
Furthermore the temporal algebra allows temporal buffering, shifting and snapping with the functions buff_t(), tshift() and tsnap() respectively.
buff_t(A, size) Buffer STDS A with granule ("1 month" or 5) tshift(A, size) Shift STDS A with granule ("1 month" or 5) tsnap(A) Snap time instances and intervals of STDS A
tmap()
C = A {:,during} tmap(event)
Symbol description precedence % modulus 1 / division 1 * multiplication 1 + addition 2 - subtraction 2
abs(x) return absolute value of x float(x) convert x to foating point int(x) convert x to integer [ truncates ] log(x) natural log of x sqrt(x) square root of x tan(x) tangent of x (x is in degrees) round(x) round x to nearest integer sin(x) sine of x (x is in degrees) isnull(x) check if x = NULL isntnull(x) check if x is not NULL null set null value exist(x) Check if x is in the current mapset
map()
C = A * map(constant_value)
{"spatial or select operator", "list of temporal relations", "temporal operator"}
C = A {+, contains} B --> c1 = a1 + b1 + b2 + b3
Keep attention that the aggregation behaviour is not symmetric:
C = B {+, during} A --> c1 = b1 + a1 c2 = b2 + a1 c3 = b3 + a1
strds[2]Refers to the second successor of the current map
strds[1,2]Refers to the cell one row below and two columns to the right of the current cell in the current map
strds[1,-2,-1]Refers to the cell two rows above and one column to the left of the current cell of the first successor map
strds[-2,0,1]Refers to the cell one column to the right of the current cell in the second predecessor map.
D = if(start_date(A) < "2005-01-01", A + B)
C = A + B
C = A {+,equal,l} B
C = if(A > 100 && A < 1600 && td(A) > 30, B)
C = if({equal}, A > 100 && A < 1600 {&&,equal} td(A) > 30, B)
C = if(Temp > 10.0, Prec / 3600.0 /24.0 / td(Prec))
C = if({equal}, Temp > 10.0, Prec / 3600.0 / 24.0 {/,equal,l} td(Prec))
C = if(B {#,contain} A > 1, (B {+,contain,l} A - B) / (B {#,contain} A), A)
C = if({equal}, B {#,contain} A > 1, (B {+,contain,l} A {-,equal,l} B) {equal,=/} (B {#,contain} A), A)
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