GDAL Raster Formats

Long Format Name Code Creation Georeferencing Maximum file size1
Arc/Info ASCII Grid AAIGrid Yes Yes No limits
Arc/Info Binary Grid (.adf) AIG No Yes --
Microsoft Windows Device Independent Bitmap (.bmp) BMP Yes Yes 4GiB
BSB Nautical Chart Format (.kap) BSB No Yes --
CEOS (Spot for instance) CEOS No No --
First Generation USGS DOQ (.doq) DOQ1 No Yes --
New Labelled USGS DOQ (.doq) DOQ2 No Yes --
Military Elevation Data (.dt0, .dt1) DTED No Yes --
ERMapper Compressed Wavelets (.ecw) ECW Yes Yes
ESRI .hdr Labelled EHdr No Yes --
ENVI .hdr Labelled Raster ENVI Yes Yes No limits
Envisat Image Product (.n1) Envisat No No --
EOSAT FAST Format FAST No Yes --
FITS (.fits) FITS Yes No
Graphics Interchange Format (.gif) GIF Yes No
Arc/Info Binary Grid (.adf) GIO Yes Yes
GRASS Rasters GRASS No Yes --
TIFF / GeoTIFF (.tif) GTiff Yes Yes 4GiB
Hierarchical Data Format Release 4 (HDF4) HDF4 Yes Yes 2GiB
Erdas Imagine (.img) HFA Yes Yes No limits2
Atlantis MFF2e HKV Yes Yes No limits
Japanese DEM (.mem) JDEM No Yes --
JPEG JFIF (.jpg) JPEG Yes Yes 4GiB (max dimentions 65500x65500)
JPEG2000 (.jp2, .j2k) JPEG2000 Yes Yes
JPEG2000 (.jp2, .j2k) JP2KAK Yes Yes
NOAA Polar Orbiter Level 1b Data Set (AVHRR) L1B No Yes --
Atlantis MFF MFF Yes Yes No limits
Multi-resolution Seamless Image Database MrSID No Yes --
NITF NITF Yes Yes
OGDI Bridge OGDI No Yes --
PCI .aux Labelled PAux Yes No No limits
Portable Network Graphics (.png) PNG Yes No
Netpbm (.ppm,.pgm) PNM Yes No No limits
USGS SDTS DEM (*CATD.DDF) SDTS No Yes --
SAR CEOS SAR_CEOS No Yes --
USGS ASCII DEM (.dem) USGSDEM No Yes --
X11 Pixmap (.xpm) XPM Yes No

1Maximum file size does not only determined by the file format itself, but operating system/file system capabilities as well. Look here for details.

2ERDAS Imagine has different file format for large files, where 32-bit pointers cannot be used. Look for details here.