DESCRIPTION
r.sim.sediment is a landscape scale, simulation
model of soil erosion, sediment transport and deposition caused by flowing
water designed for spatially variable terrain, soil, cover and
rainfall excess conditions. The soil erosion model is based on the theory
used in the USDA WEPP hillslope erosion model, but it has been generalized
to 2D flow. The solution is based on the concept of duality between fields and
particles and the underlying equations are solved by Green's
function Monte Carlo method, to provide robustness necessary for
spatially variable conditions and high resolutions (Mitas and Mitasova
1998). Key inputs of the model include the following raster maps:
elevation ( elevin [m]), flow gradient given by the first-order partial
derivatives of elevation field ( dxin and dyin),
overland flow water depth ( wdepth [m]), detachment capacity coefficient
(detin [s/m]), transport capacity coefficient (tranin [s]),
critical shear stress (tauin [Pa])
and surface roughness coefficient called Manning's n (manin raster map).
Partial derivatives can be computed by v.surf.rst
or r.slope.aspect
module. The data are automatically converted from feet to metric
system using database/projection information, so the elevation always should be in meters.
The water depth file can be computed using r.sim.water
module. Other parameters must be determined using field measurements or
reference literature (see suggested values in Notes and References).
Output includes transport capacity raster map tc in [kg/ms],
transport capacity limited erosion/deposition raster map
et [kg/m2s]i that are output almost immediately and
can be viewed while the simulation continues. Sediment flow rate raster map
flux [kg/ms], and net erosion/deposition raster map [kg/m2s]
can take longer time depending on time step and simulation time.
Simulation time is controled by niter [minutes] parameter.
If the resulting erosion/deposition map is noisy, higher number of walkers,
given by nwalk should be used.
NOTES
SEE ALSO
v.surf.rst,
r.slope.aspect,
r.sim.water
AUTHORS
Helena Mitasova, Lubos Mitas
North Carolina State University
hmitaso@unity.ncsu.edu
Jaroslav Hofierka
GeoModel, s.r.o. Bratislava, Slovakia
hofierka@geomodel.sk
Chris Thaxton
North Carolina State University
csthaxto@unity.ncsu.edu
csthaxto@unity.ncsu.edu
REFERENCES
Mitasova, H., Thaxton, C., Hofierka, J., McLaughlin, R., Moore, A., Mitas L., 2004,
Path sampling method for modeling overland water flow, sediment transport
and short term terrain evolution in Open Source GIS.
In: C.T. Miller, M.W. Farthing, V.G. Gray, G.F. Pinder eds.,
Proceedings of the XVth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water
Resources (CMWR XV), June 13-17 2004, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, Elsevier, pp. 1479-1490.
Mitasova H, Mitas, L., 2000, Modeling spatial processes in multiscale framework:
exploring duality between particles and fields,
plenary talk at GIScience2000 conference, Savannah, GA.
Mitas, L., and Mitasova, H., 1998, Distributed soil erosion simulation
for effective erosion prevention. Water Resources Research, 34(3), 505-516.
Mitasova, H., Mitas, L., 2001, Multiscale soil erosion simulations for land use management,
In: Landscape erosion and landscape evolution modeling, Harmon R. and Doe W. eds.,
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 321-347.
Neteler, M. and Mitasova, H., 2008, Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach. Third Edition.
The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science: Volume 773. Springer New York Inc, p. 406.
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