This program has 2 distincts modes of operation. The command-line mode requires the user to prepare a file of mapping instructions describing the various spatial and textual information to be printed prior to running p.map. The interactive mode (i.e., no command-line arguments) will prompt the user for items to be mapped and does not require the user to prepare a file of instructions.
The command-line parameters are:
This parameter is provided as a convenience. It is identical to the scale mapping instruction described below.
Note: the user must select an output device using p.select before running p.map. Also, the preview device can be selected to view the output from p.map on the graphics monitor instead of sending it to a paper printer.
USAGE: colormode approx | bestThere are two methods: approximate and best. From a user perspective, approximate can be used for raster map layers with few categories, such as soils, and best should be used for images like LANDSAT images or NHAP photos, or maps with many categories. The approximate mode treats each pixel independently, giving it the printer color that best approximates the true color. The best mode "blends" colors from pixel to pixel using a dithering technique to simulate more colors than the printer can actually print. The default, if unspecified, is best.
This example would select the approximate colormode. The assumption is that the raster map layer being printed is has few colors or that the colors would not look good dithered.
EXAMPLE: colormode approx
USAGE: colortable [y|n]The color table will display the colors for each raster map layer category value and the category label. To get a color table, you must have previously requested a raster map layer. Omitting the colortable instruction would result in no color table. Note: Be careful about asking for color tables for raster map layers which have many categories, such as elevation. This could result in the printing of an extremely long color table!!!!!
This example would print a color table as part of the legend to the map.
EXAMPLE: colortable y
USAGE: comments [commentfile] comments endThis example prints the comment "This is a comment" in the legend below the map.
EXAMPLE: comments This is a comment. endThis example prints whatever is in the file veg.comments in the legend below the map.
EXAMPLE: raster vegetation comments veg.comments endPresumably, the file veg.comments contain comments pertaining to the raster map layer vegetation, such as "This map was created by classifying a LANDSAT TM image".
USAGE: defpat name pattern color # color endThe pattern is given a name on the defpat instruction line. The pattern which follows is composed of a sequence of numbers 0-9 (and blanks, which are equivalent to 0). The blanks or zeros indicate holes in the pattern where the normal category color would show thru. The other number 1-9 indicate pattern pixels and can be assigned any color. The default color for all the digits will be black unless specified with the color instruction. The color option will begin by entering the word color followed by one of the digits (1-9) in the pattern, followed by one of the NAMED COLORS. This should be repeated for each of the digits specified to avoid using black. The instruction end terminates the pattern definition. Of course, the user can define more patterns by entering more defpat instructions.
NOTE: Do NOT indent the pattern. Leading blank spaces will be interpreted as 0's.
This example creates a black horizontal line pattern.
EXAMPLE: defpat horiz 1 0 0 0 color 1 black endThis example creates a green vertical line pattern.
EXAMPLE: defpat vert 1000 color 1 green endThis example creates a red diagonal line pattern.
EXAMPLE: defpat diag 00001 0001 001 01 1 color 1 red endThis example creates a two-toned tree pattern with orange trunks and green leaves.
EXAMPLE: defpat tree 2 222 22122 22 1 22 1 2 222 22122 22 1 22 1 color 1 orange color 2 black end
EXAMPLE: endpanel 4This example would end output at panel 4.
USAGE: grid spacing color color numbers # [color] endThe spacing of the grid is given (in the geographic coordinate system units) on the main instruction line. The subsection instructions allow the user to specify the color of the grid lines, whether coordinate numbers should appear on the grid lines, and if they should appear every grid line (1), every other grid line (2), etc., and what color the numbers should be. The defaults are black grid lines, unnumbered.
This example would overlay a green grid with a spacing of 10000 meters (for a metered database, like UTM) onto the output map. Alternate grid lines would be numbered with red numbers.
EXAMPLE: grid 10000 color green numbers 2 red end
USAGE: labels labelfile|listThis example would paint labels from the labels file called town.names. Presumably, these labels would indicate the names of towns on the map.
EXAMPLE: labels town.names
USAGE: line east north east north line x% y% x% y% color color width # masked [y|n] endThe beginning and ending points of the line are entered on the main instruction. These points can be defined either by map coordinates or by using percentages of the geographic region. The user may also specify line color, width in pixels, and if the line is to be masked by the current mask. (See manual entry for r.mask for more information on the mask.)
This example would draw a yellow line from the point x=10% y=80% to the point x=30% y=70%. This line would be 2 pixels wide and would appear even if there is a mask.
EXAMPLE: line 10% 80% 30% 70% color yellow width 2 masked n endOf course, multiple lines may be drawn with multiple line instructions.
USAGE: outline color color endDistinct areas of the raster map will be separated from each other visually by drawing a border (or outline) in the specified color (default: black). Note: it is important the user enter the instruction end even if a color is not chosen. (It is hoped that in the future the outline of a different raster map layer other than the one currently being painted may be placed on the map.)
This example would outline the category areas of the soils raster map layer in grey.
EXAMPLE: raster soils outline color grey end
USAGE: point east north point x% y% color color icon iconfile|list size # masked [y|n] endThe point location is entered in the main instruction line by giving either the map coordinates or by using percentages of the geographic region. The user may also specify the point color, the icon file to be used to represent the point location (see the the manual entry for p.icons), the size of the icon in integer multiples of the pattern in the icon file, and whether the point is to be masked by the current mask. (See manual entry for r.mask for more information on the mask.)
This example would place a purple diamond (from icon file diamond) at the point (E456000 N7890000). This diamond would be the same size it is in the diamond icon file and would not be masked by the current mask.
EXAMPLE: point 456000 7890000 color purple icon diamond size 1 masked n endOf course, multiple points may be drawn with multiple point instructions.
USAGE: raster mapname|listFor each p.map run, only one raster map layer can be requested. If no raster map layer is requested, a completely white map will be produced. It can be useful to select no raster map layer in order to provide a white background for vector images.
This example would paint a map of the raster map layer soils.
EXAMPLE: raster soils
USAGE: read previously prepared UNIX fileMapping instructions can be placed into a file and read into p.map.
Note:p.map will not search for this file. The user must be in the correct directory or specify the full path on the read instruction. (Note to /bin/csh users: ~ won't work with this instruction).
This example reads the UNIX file pmap.roads into p.map. This file may contain all the p.map instructions for placing the vector map layer roads onto the output map.
EXAMPLE: read pmap.roadsThe user may have created this file because this vector map layer is particularly useful for many p.map outputs. By using the read option, the user need not enter all the input for the vector instruction, but simply read the previously prepared file with the correct instructions.
USAGE: region regionfile | list color color width # endGeographic region settings are created and saved using g.region. The p.map region option can be used to show an outline of a smaller region which was printed on a separate run of p.map on other user-created maps.
The user can specify the color and the width (in pixel units) of the outline. The default is a black border of one pixel width.
This example would place a white outline, 2 pixels wide, of the geographic region called fire.zones onto the output map. This geographic region would have been created and saved using g.region.
EXAMPLE: region fire.zones color white width 2 end
USAGE: scale scaleThe scale can be selected either as:
This example would set the scale of the map to 1 unit = 25000 units.
EXAMPLE: scale 1:25000
USAGE: setcolor cat(s) colorThis example would set the color for categories 2,5 and 8 of the raster map layer watersheds to white and category 10 to green. (NOTE: no spaces are inserted between the category values.)
EXAMPLE: raster watersheds setcolor 2,5,8 white setcolor 10 greenOf course, setcolor can be requested more than once to override the default color for additional categories. More than one category can be changed for each request by listing all the category values separated by commas (but with no spaces).
USAGE: setpat cat name or setpat builtin or setpat allThe user can choose to use: the name of a specific pattern created using defpat (see above); the patterns built into p.map; or all the patterns the user may have created.
This example assigns the vertical pattern created using defpat (see example in defpat above) to category 3 of the raster map layer vegetation and the tree pattern (see example in defpat above) to category 10.
EXAMPLE: raster veg setpat 3 vert setpat 10 treeThis example reads a previously prepared UNIX file horiz.pat with the correct defpat instructions for creating a black horizontal pattern (see example in defpat above) and assigns that pattern to category 5 of the raster map layer soils via the setpat instruction.
EXAMPLE: raster soils read horiz.pat setpat 5 horizTo select the builtin patterns:
EXAMPLE: raster soils setpat builtinTo select individual builtin patterns:
EXAMPLE: raster soils setpat 5 #1 setpat 10 #2
EXAMPLE: startpanel 2This example would begin printing at panel 2.
USAGE: sites sitemap |list color color icon iconfile |list size # desc [y|n] endThe user may specify the the color of the sites (see section on NAMED COLORS below); the icon to be used to represent the presence of a site (see the manual entry for p.icons); the size of the icon (number of times larger than the size it is in the icon file); and whether or not the description associated with each site is also to be printed.
This example would paint a sites map with blue windmills (from an icon file created by the user using the p.icons GRASS command) placed at all windmill locations (from a sites list). These windmills would be two times larger than the size of the icon in the icon file and have descriptions from the sites list file printed beside them.
EXAMPLE: sites windmills color blue icon windmill size 2 desc y end
USAGE: text east north text text x% y% text font fontname color color|none width # hcolor color|none hwidth # background color|none border color|none size # ref reference point xoffset # yoffset # opaque [y|n] endThe user specifies where the text will be placed by providing map coordinates or percentages of the geographic region map. The text follows these coordinates on the same instruction line. More than one line of text can be specified by notating the end of a line with \en (e.g. USA\|\enCERL).
The user can then specify various text features:
font: cyrilc gothgbt gothgrt gothitt greekc greekcs greekp greeks italicc italiccs italict romanc romancs romand romans romant scriptc scripts (The default font is romans);
color (see NAMED COLORS);
width of the lines used to draw the text (to make thicker letters);
size as the vertical height of the letters in meters on the ground (text size will grow or shrink depending on the scale at which the map is painted);
the highlight color (hcolor) and the width of the highlight color (hwidth);
the text-enclosing-box background color; the text box border color;
ref. This reference point specifies the text handle - what part of the text should be placed on the location specified by the map coordinates. Reference points can refer to: [lower|upper|center]\ [left|right|center] of the text to be printed;
yoffset, which provides finer placement of text by shifting the text a vertical distance in pixels from the specified north. The vertical offset will shift the location to the south if positive, north if negative;
xoffset, which shifts the text a horizontal distance in pixels from the specified east The horizontal offset will shift the location east if positive, west if negative;
whether or not the text should be opaque to vectors. Entering no to the opaque option will allow the user to see any vectors which go through the text's background box. Otherwise, they will end at the box's edge.
This example would place the text SPEARFISH LAND COVER at the coordinates E650000 N7365000. The text would be a total of 3 pixels wide (2 pixels of red text and 1 pixel black highlight), have a white background enclosed in a red box, and be 500 meters in size. The lower right corner of the text would be centered over the coordinates provided. All vectors on the map would stop at the border of this text.
EXAMPLE: text 650000 7365000 SPEARFISH LAND COVER font romand color red width 2 hcolor black hwidth 1 background white border red size 500 ref lower left opaque y end
USAGE: vector vectormap|list color [#] color width # hcolor color hwidth # masked [y|n] style 0-9 endThe user can specify the color of the vectors; the width of the vectors lines in pixels; the highlight color (hcolor) for the vector lines; the width of the highlight color (hwidth) in pixels; whether or not the raster map layer is to be masked by the current mask (see manual entry r.mask for more information on the mask); and the line style. The line style allows the vectors to be dashed in different patterns and colors. This is done by typing a series of numbers (0-9) in a desired sequence or pattern. Colors for the numbers (1-9) can be assigned using the color instruction. Blanks and non-digit characters are recognized as 0's. Using 0 would allow the colors of the raster map layer (or the background color if no raster map layer was selected) to show through.
This example would paint a map of the vector map layer named streams. These streams would be a total of 3 pixels wide (the inner two pixels blue and the outer highlight pixel white). The map would not show streams outside of the current mask.
EXAMPLE: vector streams color blue width 2 hcolor white hwidth 1 masked y endThis example would paint a map of the vector map layer roads. These roads would be 2 pixels wide and would be dashed blank-black-red (the blank areas would show what lies under the roads). This map would show roads inside and outside of the current mask.
EXAMPLE: vector roads width 2 style 001122 color 1 black color 2 red masked n end
USAGE: verbose [0|1|2]A higher value implies more chatter. The default is 2. This example sets the amount of chatter to a minimum.
EXAMPLE: verbose 0
USAGE: end
aqua black blue brown cyan gray green grey indigo magenta orange purple red violet white yellow
Patterns are supported directly within p.map using the defpat instruction, while icons must be created using the p.icons program.
p.map input=spear.soils
(cont.) raster soils defpat diag vector streams 000001 color blue 00001 width 2 0001 hcolor white 001 hwidth 1 01 masked y 1 end color 1 red vector roads end width 2 setpat 4 diag style 001122 text 608000.00 3476004.73 SPEARFISH SOILS MAP color 1 black color red color 2 red width 2 masked n hcolor black end hwidth 1 labels town.names background white region subregion border red color white size 500 width 2 ref lower left end opaque y grid 10000 end color green line 606969.73 3423092.91 616969.73 3423092.91 numbers 2 red color yellow end width 2 outline opaque yes color black end end point 40% 60% colortable y color purple comments icon diamond This is a comment size 2 end masked n scale 1:25000 end setcolor 6,8,9 white end setcolor 10 green
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